Questioning Consilience and Autonomy in Self-Determination Theory: A Critique and Hermeneutic-Phenomenological Alternative

This paper offers a theoretical analysis of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its claims regarding human autonomy. Self-determination theorists have advanced a form of self-regulated, engaged behavior (i.e., autonomy), founded upon on a consilient account of human motivation that assumes multiple, hierarchical levels of organization and causation (e.g., biological, psychological, and social). Autonomy, from this perspective, is taken to emerge from underlying biological mechanisms, but also able to exert its own causal effects in the world as a unique psychological phenomenon. We contend that in theorizing this way, self-determination theorists have invoked a mixed discourse of mechanism and autonomy that leaves important questions unanswered, perhaps most importantly those concerning how autonomy as a kind of volition can fit coherently in the mechanistic account of world that they advocate. We then offer an alternative perspective based upon the work of various hermeneutic-phenomenological thinkers in philosophy and psychology. This alternative perspective conceptualizes human phenomena such as autonomy and motivation in agentic terms, emphasizing meaningful participation in possibility-laden contexts of everyday practices.     

“拼凑”记忆:作为现象的电影身体

梳理电影理论的发展脉络，在对个体记忆/集体记忆的关系探讨中，“身体”立场在其中发挥的微妙平衡作用值得重视:摄影机械的再现视角无法回避记忆书写过程中的“主观过滤”，而“身体”的影像在历史记忆中对完整经验的保存具有重要潜能，即以影像身体的即时性、片段性的局部经验保持对世界完整性的暗示。从现象学立场出发，论述电影中的身体如何作为“具体经验”完成对作为“完整经验”的记忆“任意”却“丰富”的拼凑，即身体如何“重拾”记忆的“真实”。“身体”作为视角看待记忆的再现，需要重新思考记忆再现时对时间的“连续性”要求。记忆从来都不是与现在割裂的、被想象在银幕上的他者，而是与当下紧密相关的过去，需要注重对“此刻”身体感知经验的表述。同时，电影中的空间并非所叙记忆事件的背景，而是身体记忆所生成的空间，且空间中的身体往往承担着“传感器”的作用。     

《黄帝内经》“情-志”的现象学分析

基于《内经》、道家、海德格尔生存现象学三者之间的密切关系,融合海德格尔生存现象学理论与本土现象学资源对《内经》“情-志”予以分析阐发。《内经》、道家的“情”“志”分别对等于海德格尔“遮蔽”“去蔽”状态的情绪。就情、志为一而言,情志是生命真实活动内隐与外显状态的统一;就情、志为二而言,《内经》、道家之“情”处于本原性地位,是“志”的上位概念;“志”源于“情”、属于“情”,是“情”的下位概念。那种将“情”置于“志”范畴之下,而以“志”作为中医心理学重要概念的观点值得商榷。     

Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sunlight-reducing catastrophes

Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well placed to help reboot-collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macroindices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favorable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socioecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with cobenefits, which may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.     

汉语疑问词的非疑问用法探究

除了表示疑问，汉语疑问词还可以用作全称量词和存在量词。“都/也”投射为功能语类DistP，疑问词在推导过程中经过［Spec, DistP］获得逐指解。疑问词处于是非问句、正反问句、祈使句中或受否定词或情态副词成分统领时为存在量词。特指问句、选择问句和是非问句作从句时可以不表示疑问，说明疑问句都有非疑问用法。特指问句、选择问句、是非问句和正反问句的反问、设问和祈使等非疑问用法主要由语用因素决定。     

明清白话小说存在句中介行为动词考察

从《西游记》《醒世姻缘传》和《儒林外史》三部明清白话小说语料中共检索出行为动词中介存在句1535例，对进入其中充当中介B段的行为动词进行考察，并依据C段名词性成分与中介动词的语义关系的不同，把它们分成带受事、施事、当事和成事宾语四类进行分析研究。